Map - 哈希表

Map 是一种关联数组的数据结构,也常被称为字典或键值对。

编程实现

Python

在 Python 中 dict(Map) 是一种基本的数据结构。

# map 在 python 中是一个keyword
hash_map = {} # or dict()
hash_map['shaun'] = 98
hash_map['wei'] = 99
exist = 'wei' in hash_map  # check existence
point = hash_map['shaun']  # get value by key
point = hash_map.pop('shaun') # remove by key, return value
keys = hash_map.keys()  # return key list
# iterate dictionary(map)
for key, value in hash_map.items():
    # do something with k, v
    pass

Java

Java 的实现中 Map 是一种将对象与对象相关联的设计。常用的实现有HashMapTreeMap, HashMap被用来快速访问,而TreeMap则保证『键』始终有序。Map 可以返回键的 Set, 值的 Collection, 键值对的 Set.

Map<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
map.put("bill", 98);
map.put("ryan", 99);
boolean exist = map.containsKey("ryan"); // check key exists in map
int point = map.get("bill"); // get value by key
int point = map.remove("bill") // remove by key, return value
Set<String> set = map.keySet();
// iterate Map
for (Map.Entry<String, Integer> entry : map.entrySet()) {
    String key = entry.getKey();
    int value = entry.getValue();
    // do some thing
}

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